![]() The war was a four-year-long politico-military struggle, fought in Italy, Illyria, Greece, Egypt, Africa, and Hispania. Caesar refused and instead marched on Rome. Eventually, Pompey and his allies induced the senate to demand Caesar give up his provinces and armies. A build-up of tensions starting in late 49 BC, with both Caesar and Pompey refusing to back down led, however, to the outbreak of civil war. ![]() Prior to the war, Caesar had led an invasion of Gaul for almost ten years. It began as a series of political and military confrontations between Gaius Julius Caesar and Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus. Caesar's Civil War (49–45 BC) was one of the last politico-military conflicts of the Roman Republic before its reorganization into the Roman Empire.
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